The powers of investigation and control of the shareholders

Each shareholder has the right to  question  the  company’s  managers  and  to examine the company’s corporate and accounting documents.

Objective: To provide sufficient protection for  shareholders (minority shareholders) against possible abuses by the administrative body.

Limit: abuse of rights; when investigative  powers  are  diverted  from  their  primary interest, to the benefit of the partner or to the detriment of the company.

In companies that have a statutory commissioner, this right is exercised through the commissioner. If this is not the case, each shareholder has individually,  notwithstanding  any  statutory provision to the contrary, the  powers  of  investigation  and  control of  a commissioner. They may be represented or assisted by an external expert accountant  (Article 3:72 and 3:101 CSA).

Article 3: 100 to 3: 103 of the Companies and Associations Code

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